This is the default header for all files in the database. Files which contain gaiji, however, have an additional CHARDECL section in the ENCODINGDESC below.
The project was conducted 2005-2008. Some minor revisions and additions were done in 2009.
All texts used with permission. Copyright for the Chinese text lies with the Chinese Buddhist Electronic Text Association (CBETA). Copyright for the Pāli text lies with the Vipassana Research Institute. Copyright for the Sanskrit text lies with Fumio Enomoto. Copyright for the English text lies with Marcus Bingenheimer. The Tibetan and Manchu texts are in the public realm. The digital edition itself is made available under the LGPL.
If Chinese, the text below is based on the Taishō text from the CBETA-Database
(Version Feb.2006). If Pāli, the text base is the VRI Chaṭṭa Saṅgāyana edition
(ver.3). If Sanskrit the text base is
This file has been created in the project "A Digital Comparative Edition of the Bieyi za ahan jing" conducted at the Chung-hwa Institute for Buddhist Studies 中華佛學研究所 and the Dharma Drum Buddhist College 法鼓佛教研修學院. The project is funded by the Chiang Ching-kuo Foundation for International Scholarly Exchange 蔣經國國際學術交流基金會. The aim of the project is to produce a comparative digital edition and partial translation of the 364 sutras of the BZA and their parallels. The texts are kept in single files in an eXist database and are realized via XQuery and XSLT as HTML for the online user. The project lasts from 2005-2008. For any changes after 2008 see the revision description.
Changes from the respective text base are usually marked with a RESP="t.100" attribute on the containing elements
BZA: New Punctuation. Markup of person and place names. Verse and prose. References to the print edition (Taishō). Corrected characters (according to CBETA).
ZA: New Punctuation. Verse and prose. References to the print edition (Taishō).
Other Chinese: Parallel and not-parallel divisions regarding the BZA. Verse and Prose.
Pāli, Sanskrit, Tibetan: Parallel and not-parallel divisions regarding the BZA. Verse and Prose. Variant readings.
如是我聞：一時佛在
爾時眾中有一比丘，從坐而起，整衣服，長跪合掌，白佛言：
世尊！從昔已來多少劫過？
佛告比丘：
吾可說之，汝不能解。
比丘白佛
可作方喻說不？
佛言：
可作方喻。假設有人，年滿百歲，於一日中──晨起、日中及日暮──三時各憶百千劫事，如是日日憶念，滿足百年，猶不能得過去劫數邊際。劫數長遠，亦復如是。眾生於是長遠劫中受眾苦極，麁澁痛苦，心不生憙。數受地獄、餓鬼、畜生，入於惡趣。是故比丘應斷後有，勤修方便，絕離諸有。汝等比丘應作是學。